Squaraine dyes have shown promising properties for high performance organic solar cells owing to their advantages of intense absorption and high absorption coefficients in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) regions. In this work, to directly compare the photovoltaic performance of solution- and vacuum-processed small-molecule bulk heterojunction (SMBHJ) solar cells, we employed a squaraine small molecular dye, 2,4-bis[4-(N,N-diisobutylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine (DIBSQ), as an electron donor combined with fullerene acceptors to fabricate SMBHJ cells either from solution or vacuum deposition process. The solution-processed SMBHJ cell possesses a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ~4.3%, while the vacuum-processed cell provides a PCE of ~6.3%. Comparison of the device performance shows that the vacuum-processed SMBHJ cells possess higher short-circuit current density, fill factor and thus higher PCE than the solution-processed devices, which should be assigned to more efficient charge transport and charge extraction in the vacuum-processed SMBHJ cells. However, solution-processed SMBHJ cells demonstrate more pronounced temperature-dependent device performance and higher device stability. This study indicates the great potential of DIBSQ in photovoltaic application via both of solution and vacuum processing techniques.
Keywords: bulk heterojunction; organic solar cells; solution-process; squaraine dye; vacuum-process.