The design and psychometric evaluation of the emergency medical services resilience scale (EMSRS)

Int Emerg Nurs. 2019 Jan:42:12-18. doi: 10.1016/j.ienj.2018.09.002. Epub 2018 Sep 20.

Abstract

Introduction: The nature of pre-hospital emergency medical care can expose healthcare workers to significant stresses that might lead to psychological problems such as job burnout and impaired resilience. A valid and reliable tool is, therefore, needed to investigate resilience in emergency medical services (EMS) personnel. This study was conducted to design a tool for assessing the resilience of emergency medical personnel in Iran and to examine the psychometric properties of the designed tool.

Methods: This methodological study was conducted in two phases: A qualitative stage with individual interviews and a review of literature to generate items, and a quantitative stage of psychometric evaluations that assessed the face, content, and construct validity of the tool. The reliability of the tool was also assessed using the internal consistency and test-retest methods.

Results: Exploratory factor analysis was used to design a 31-item scale with a six-factor structure. These six factors, i.e. job motivation, communication challenges, social support, remaining calm, self-management, and consequences of stress, explained 51.8% of the variance. The scale's Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient were calculated as 0.91 and 0.85, respectively.

Conclusion: The scale developed on the resilience of EMS personnel can be used as a valid and reliable tool for assessing resilience in EMS personnel. It can also assist emergency service managers to plan courses to improve their staff's resilience.

Keywords: Emergency medical service personnel; Qualitative; Resilience; Scale.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Emergency Medical Services / methods*
  • Female
  • Health Personnel / psychology*
  • Humans
  • Iran
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Psychometrics / instrumentation
  • Psychometrics / methods
  • Psychometrics / standards*
  • Qualitative Research
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Resilience, Psychological*
  • Social Support
  • Surveys and Questionnaires / standards