Background: Neuroimmune interactions are essential to maintain gut homeostasis and prevent intestinal disorders but so far, the impact of enteric glial cells (EGC) on immune cells remains a relatively unexplored area of research. As a dysregulation of critical cytokines such as interleukine-7 (IL-7) was suggested to exacerbate gut chronic inflammation, we investigated whether EGC could be a source of IL-7 in the gastrointestinal tract.
Methods: Expression of IL-7 in the rat enteric nervous system was analyzed by immunochemistry and Q-PCR. IL-7 variants were cloned and specific antibodies against rat IL-7 isoforms were raised to characterize their expression in the submucosal plexus. IL-7 isoforms were produced in vitro to analyze their impact on T-cell survival.
Key results: Neurons and glial cells of the rat enteric nervous system expressed IL-7 at both mRNA and protein levels. Novel rat IL-7 isoforms with distinct C-terminal parts were detected. Three of these isoforms were found in EGC or in both enteric neurons and EGC. Exposure of EGC to pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and/or TNFα) induced an upregulation of all IL-7 isoforms. Interestingly, time-course and intensity of the upregulation varied according to the presence or absence of exon 5a in IL-7 variants. Functional analysis on T lymphocytes revealed that only canonical IL-7 protects T cells from cell death.
Conclusions and inferences: IL-7 and its variants are expressed by neurons and glial cells in the enteric nervous system. Their distinct expression and upregulation in inflammatory conditions suggest a role in gut homeostasis which could be critical in case of chronic inflammatory diseases.
Keywords: IL-1; T cell; TNF; cytokine; enteric nervous system; neuron; splice variant.
© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.