A preoperative cytologic or histologic diagnosis of parotid gland neoplasms is mandatory to decide which surgical procedure would be appropriate. Open biopsies are contraindicated because of the risk of recurrence secondary to tumour cell seeding; furthermore a subsequent curative parotid surgery can be complicated by a previous open biopsy. While fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was the only preoperative diagnostic procedure to distinguish benign versus malignant neoplasms over the past decades, core needle biopsy (CNB) has been increasingly used over the last few years. This created a debate as to whether FNAC or CNB should be the preoperative procedure of choice. The focus of this editorial is to analyse the advantages and disadvantages of FNAC and CNB, and to discuss which procedure is more appropriate in the preoperative work-up of parotid neoplasms.