Nonhuman primates across sub-Saharan Africa are infected with the yaws bacterium Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue

Affiliations

• ¹ Work Group Neglected Tropical Diseases, Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
• ² Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
• ³ Primatology Department, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Pl. 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
• ⁴ Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Avenue du Docteur-Penfield, Montréal, QC H3A 1B1, Quebec, Canada.
• ⁵ Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Ruemelinstrasse 23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany.
• ⁶ Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
• ⁷ Unité Mixte Internationale 233, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, INSERM U1175, and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
• ⁸ Viral Evolution, Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
• ⁹ Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A6, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
• ¹⁰ Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 7745, Jena, Germany.
• ¹¹ Department of Science, Natural Resources and Outdoor Studies, University of Cumbria, Fusehill Street, Carlisle, Cumbria, CA12HH, UK.
• ¹² Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, College of Veterinary and Medical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
• ¹³ Ecological Monitoring Department, Tanzania National Parks (TANAPA), P.O.Box 3134, Arusha, Tanzania.
• ¹⁴ Research Unit of Emerging Infectious and Tropical Diseases (URMITE) UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Aix-Marseille University, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, Marseille, France.
• ¹⁵ Research Unit of Emerging Infectious and Tropical Diseases (URMITE) IRD 198, Campus IRD/UCAD, Hann Les Maristes, Dakar, Senegal.
• ¹⁶ Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI), P.O. Box 661, Arusha, Tanzania.
• ¹⁷ Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary and Medical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
• ¹⁸ National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
• ¹⁹ Taï Chimpanzee Project, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques, BP 1303, Abidjan 01, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
• ²⁰ Gene Bank of Primates and Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
• ²¹ Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A6, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic. dsmajs@med.muni.cz.
• ²² Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
• ²³ Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Ruemelinstrasse 23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany. krause@shh.mpg.de.
• ²⁴ Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 7745, Jena, Germany. krause@shh.mpg.de.
• ²⁵ Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany. calvignacs@rki.de.
• ²⁶ Viral Evolution, Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany. calvignacs@rki.de.