Sintering Pmperature-Dependence on Radiopacity of Bi(2-x) ZrxO(3+x/2) Powders Prepared by Sol-Gel Process

May-Show Chen; Shih-Hsun Chen; Fu-Chih Lai; Chin-Yi Chen; Ming-Yuan Hsieh; Wei-Jen Chang; Jen-Chang Yang; Chung-Kwei Lin

doi:10.3390/ma11091685

Sintering Pmperature-Dependence on Radiopacity of Bi_(2-x) ZrxO_(3+x/2) Powders Prepared by Sol-Gel Process

Materials (Basel). 2018 Sep 11;11(9):1685. doi: 10.3390/ma11091685.

Authors

May-Show Chen^{1

2}, Shih-Hsun Chen³, Fu-Chih Lai⁴, Chin-Yi Chen⁵, Ming-Yuan Hsieh⁶, Wei-Jen Chang^{7

8}, Jen-Chang Yang^{9

10}, Chung-Kwei Lin^{11

12}

Affiliations

¹ School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan. mayshowc@hotmail.com.
² Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan. mayshowc@hotmail.com.
³ Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan. shchen@mail.ntust.edu.tw.
⁴ College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan. flai@tmu.edu.tw.
⁵ Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan. chencyi@fcu.edu.tw.
⁶ Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan. shchen@northwestern.edu.
⁷ School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan. cweijen1@tmu.edu.tw.
⁸ Dental Department, Taipei Medical University, Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei 235, Taiwan. cweijen1@tmu.edu.tw.
⁹ School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan. yang820065@tmu.edu.tw.
¹⁰ Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110-52, Taiwan. yang820065@tmu.edu.tw.
¹¹ School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan. chungkwei@tmu.edu.tw.
¹² Research Center of Digital Oral Science and Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan. chungkwei@tmu.edu.tw.

Abstract

Bismuth oxide (Bi₂O₃) is an effective additive used to enhance radiography resolution for dental materials. However, there are potential concerns regarding its biocompatibility and connection to tissue discoloration. In the present study, we modified the radiopacity properties of Bi₂O₃ with zirconium oxide (ZrO₂) using a sol-gel process and investigated the composition, as well as the effects of heat treatment temperature using Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The harvested Bi_2-xZr_xO_3+x/2 particles showed that the dominant phase transferred from α-Bi₂O₃ to β-Bi_7.38Zr_0.62O_12.31 after a heat treatment of over 750 °C for 2 h. As the x values of Bi_2-xZr_xO_3+x/2 increased from 0.2 to 1.0, more zirconium oxide precipitated onto the particle surface, thus enhancing the surface roughness of particles. For sol-gel Bi_1.8Zr_0.2O_3.1 powders (x = 0.2), the radiopacity values became 4.90 ± 0.23 and 5.83 ± 0.22 mmAl after a heat treatment of 500 °C and 750 °C, respectively.

Keywords: bismuth oxide; mineral trioxide aggregate; radiopacity; sol-gel process; zirconia.

Grants and funding

TMU 101-AE1-B02/Taipei Medical University