Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is synthesized in small amounts by thymus epithelial cells in adults and plays a role in supporting vascular homeostasis. However its role becomes dramatically important during the process of thymus reparation after involution caused by chemo-, x-ray or hormonal therapy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of different factors on VEGF production by mouse thymic epithelial cells in vitro. As a model two cell lines were used: cortical cTEC1-2 and medullar mTEC3-10 cells. These cells were characterized by their ability to synthesize VEGF mRNA and protein as well as by their expression of VEGF receptors. VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 mRNA expression in these cells were absent while NRP-1 mRNA revealed low level of expression. It was shown by ELISA that cTEC1-2 cells produced VEGF about 30 times more than mTEC3-10. When cultivated in the presence of cytokines, hormonal factors or thymocytes, both cell lines responded differently. Introduction of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) induced VEGF mRNA expression as well as VEGF production in medullar cells but simultaneously down-regulated VEGF mRNA expression in cortical cells. Dexamethasone suppressed mRNA VEGF expression and VEGF production in cortical cells while in medullar cells only VEGF production was reduced. Introduction of IL-7, IL-1b or murine thymocytes increased while addition of Semaphorin 3A, SDF-1a or ACTH decreased VEGF production by cortical epithelial cells with no influence on medullar cells. We suggest that our data obtained in vitro can be used for further development of special programs for directed regulation of VEGF synthesis in the thymus epithelial cells in the vivo.