MiRNA is a class of small non-coding RNA molecule that regulates gene expression at post-transcriptional level. Increasing evidences show aberrant expression of miRNAs in a variety of diseases. Targeting the dysregulated miRNAs with small molecule drugs has become a novel therapeutics for many human diseases, especially cancers. In this chapter, we introduced a series of computational studies for prediction of small molecule and miRNA associations. Based on different hypotheses, such as transcriptional response similarity, functional consistence or network closeness, the small molecule-miRNA networks were constructed and further analyzed. In addition, several resources that collected experimentally validated relationships or computational predicted associations between small molecules and miRNAs were provided. Collectively, these computational frameworks and databases pave a new way for miRNA-targeted therapy and drug repositioning.
Keywords: Drug target; Functional consistence; Network closeness; Non-coding RNA; Small molecule; Transcriptional response.