The effects of wide-range planting (WR) versus drilling-planting (DP) on grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and nitrogen uptake efficiency (UPE) were investigated using winter wheat cultivar Tainong 18 at experimental fields in Tai'an and Yanzhou during the growing seasons of 2015 and 2016. The results showed that planting pattern, experimental field location, and their interaction significantly affected the grain yield, NUE, and related indices of cultivar Tainong 18. Compared to DP, the WR pattern significantly increased grain yield by 22.5% and 15.4% at Tai'an and Yanzhou, respectively, by raising the number of spikes per unit area at maturity (originating from the greater numbers of tillers per plant and per unit area) and the number of spikes per plant. Compared to DP, the WR pattern significantly increased UPE by 27.7% and 17.5% at Tai'an and Yanzhou, respectively. NUE with the WR pattern at Tai'an and Yanzhou was also increased, respectively, by 22.5% and 15.4% by enhancing nitrogen accumulation and increasing the UPE. A stonger positive effect on yield was observed at Tai'an than at Yanzhou. Thus, the popularization and application of a WR pattern would synergistically improve grain yields and NUE in winter wheat.
为阐明小麦宽幅播种的增产增效效应,于2015—2016年小麦生育季在泰安、兖州试验点分别采用宽幅播种和常规条播两种播种方式,研究了播种方式对冬小麦‘泰农18’产量和氮素吸收利用的影响.结果表明: 播种方式、试验点及两者的互作效应显著影响冬小麦产量、氮素利用率及其相关指标.在两试验点,相对于常规条播,宽幅播种均可通过提高单株与群体分蘖数和单株成穗数来提高单位面积穗数,实现增产,在泰安、兖州点分别增产22.5%和15.4%;宽幅播种均可通过促进小麦氮素吸收积累、提高氮素吸收效率来提高氮素利用率,在泰安、兖州点氮素吸收效率分别提高27.7%和17.5%,氮素利用率分别提高22.5%和15.4%.泰安点宽幅播种的增效效应尤为显著.生产上采用宽幅播种方式可有效提高冬小麦产量和氮素利用率,实现小麦高产高效栽培.
Keywords: nitrogen uptake and utilization; nitrogen use efficiency; wide-range planting pattern; winter wheat; yield.