A chemiluminescence method for screening of fluoroquinolones in milk samples based on a multi-pumping flow system

Abstract

An automated and miniaturized chemiluminescence method for screening of fluoroquinolones in milk samples was proposed. The method was based on magnetic dispersive micro-solid phase extraction of analytes followed by the chemiluminescence determination of the total fluoroquinolones content using a multi-pumping flow system. In the developed method, Zr-Fe-C magnetic nanoparticles were used as an efficient sorbent for separation of fluoroquinolones from sample matrix. The chemiluminescence intensity obtained for Ce⁴⁺-SO₃^2--Tb³⁺ chemiluminescence system was greatly increased in the presence of the analytes. Under the optimal conditions, the detector response for fluoroquinolones was linear in the concentration ranges from 5·10^-9 to 1·10^-6 mol L^-1 with respect to fleroxacin. The limit of detection, calculated from a blank test based on 3σ, was 2·10^-9 mol L^-1 with respect to fleroxacin. The presented method demonstrated to be a good tool for available and cost-effective point-of-need screening fluoroquinolones in milk samples.

Keywords: Ammonium cerium (IV) nitrate (PubChem CID: 9869224); Ammonium hydroxide (PubChem CID: 14923); Chemiluminescence; Direct-injection detector; Fleroxacin (PubChem CID: 3357); Fluoroquinolones; Lomefloxacin (PubChem CID: 3948); Magnetic dispersive micro-solid phase extraction; Methanol (PubChem CID: 887); Milk; Multi-pumping flow system; Norfloxacin (PubChem CID: 4539); Ofloxacin (PubChem CID: 4583); Screening; Sodium hydroxide (PubChem CID: 14798); Sodium sulfite (PubChem CID: 24437); Terbium chloride hexahydrate (PubChem CID: 203091).