The epigenetic signature of spermatozoa is important for spermatogenesis, fertilisation and embryogenesis. New research indicates, that the epigenetic signature of spermatozoa can be altered following environmental changes, and that epigenetic patterns are heritable and can affect offspring health. Epigenetic markers of sperm correlate with the fertility status of men. These markers are not yet sufficiently integrated in the clinic to increase prediction of infertility, but there is a possibility, that the markers will play an important role in the future diagnosis of infertility.