Overuse of antibiotics in aquaculture, husbandry and healthcare has led to antibiotics residues in the enviuronment and the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria that can be transferred into the human gut through food chain. Based on literatures, we reviewed the influence of bacterial resistance on intestinal flora and related immune regulation. Taking the source of antibiotic resistance to human intestinal flora as an entry point, we addressed the structure of human intestinal flora and the composition of drug resistance genes after exposure to pollutants. Moreover, we discussed the relationship among changes of intestinal flora, antibiotic resistance genes and immunomodulation related diseases. Last, we also indicated future research needs.
抗生素在养殖业、医疗业及制药业的广泛应用导致环境中的细菌耐药性日益严重，环境中的抗生素及耐药细菌一旦进入人体肠道，将破坏肠道菌群稳态，对人体健康造成威胁，而残存于饮食中的环境污染物则加剧了细菌耐药造成的人体健康影响。文中在总结大量文献的基础上，阐述了细菌耐药对人体和动物肠道菌群的影响机制及其相关的机体免疫调控，以环境中影响人体肠道菌群获得耐药性的来源作为切入点，阐述抗生素和耐药细菌进入人体肠道后对人体肠道菌群结构和耐药基因组成的影响，以及与人体免疫和免疫调节相关疾病之间的相关机制，并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。.
Keywords: antibiotic; antibiotic resistance genes; bacterial resistance; immunity; intestinal flora.