Long-term relief of intractable hiccups with vagal nerve stimulation

Affiliations

• ¹ Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, M5T 2S8, Ontario, Canada.
• ² Division of Psychiatry, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, M5T 2S8, Ontario, Canada.
• ³ Divison of Anesthesiology, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, M5T 2S8, Ontario, Canada.
• ⁴ Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, M5T 2S8, Ontario, Canada; Krembil Brain Institute, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, M5T 2S8, Ontario, Canada.
• ⁵ Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, M5T 2S8, Ontario, Canada; Krembil Brain Institute, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, M5T 2S8, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: Mojgan.Hodaie@uhn.ca.