Background and aims: Surgical repair of right partial pulmonary anomalous connection to the superior vena cava (SVC) with the Warden procedure can be complicated by SVC obstruction, pulmonary veins obstruction, and sinus node dysfunction. We review our 20 years of experience with Warden procedures for the repair of right partial pulmonary venous connection to the SVC.
Methods: This was a single-center retrospective study of all patients (pediatric and adult) with right partial pulmonary abnormal venous connections who underwent a complete repair with the Warden procedure between 1997 and 2016. A total of 59 patients were included. The median age was 14 years (5 months to 61 years) and the median weight was 44 kg (4.9-92 kg).
Results: The mean term follow-up was 7 (±5) years. No deaths were reported. One (1.7%) patient required a pacemaker implantation; two (3.4%) suffered from a SVC stenosis successfully treated with balloon dilatation and stent implantation; and eight (13.6%) patients had transient rhythm disturbances, one had junctional ectopic tachycardia, three had sick sinus syndrome, three had an atrial flutter, and one had an atrioventricular block. None suffered from pulmonary vein obstruction.
Conclusion: The Warden procedure is safe and can be performed with very low morbidity, mortality, rhythm disturbances, and decreased pulmonary and SVC obstructions.
Keywords: Warden procedure; abnormal pulmonary; arrhythmias; congenital heart disease; pacemaker; vein connection.
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