Objective: To analyze the change in mortality and major causes of death among Chinese adolescents aged 10-19 years from 1990 to 2016. Methods: Data of death for Chinese adolescents aged 10-19 years were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (GBD 2016). The data was used to describe the change in mortality of Chinese adolescents from 1990 to 2016.Top 15 causes of death were compared between 1990 and 2016. Results: From 1990 to 2016, the all-cause mortality of Chinese adolescents aged 10-19 years old dropped from 102.5/100 000 to 41.2/100 000, reaching about a half of the global average (78.6/100 000) but still almost twice as high as the average of high-income countries (24.3/100 000) by 2016; the reduction in mortality was higher among females than that among males (decreased 68.7% vs. 54.7%), and among adolescents aged 10-14 years than that among those aged 15-19 years (decreased 62.1% vs. 57.1%). During the 26-year period, the cause-specific mortality of all top 15 causes saw sharp decreases. Among them, communicable, maternal, and nutritional diseases saw the most significant decrease (78.1%), and its proportion in all adolescent deaths fell from 11.1% to 6.1%. Meanwhile, non-communicable diseases and injuries saw relatively small decreases (58.2% and 57.3% respectively), and their proportions rose from 33.4% and 55.6% to 34.8% and 59.1%, respectively. The top 5 causes of death changed from drowning (17.39/100 000 in mortality, 17.0% in proportion), road injuries (14.77/100 000, 14.4%), self-harm (11.44/100 000, 11.2%), leukemia (5.48/100 000, 5.4%) and interpersonal violence (3.12/100 000, 3.0%) in1990 into road injuries (9.27/100 000, 22.5%), drowning (6.83/100 000, 16.6%), leukemia(2.73/100 000, 6.6%), self-harm (2.53/100 000, 6.2%) and congenital birth defects (1.76/100 000, 4.3%) in 2016, and tuberculosis, poisonings and rheumatic heart disease had dropped out of the top 15 in 2016. Conclusion: The mortality of Chinese adolescents aged 10-19 years has decreased significantly, but still higher than developed countries. Since 1990, injuries,especially for road injuries and drowning, have always been the leading causes of death among Chinese adolescents aged 10-19 years, followed by non-communicable diseases.
目的： 分析1990—2016年中国10~19岁青少年死亡率及主要死亡原因变化。 方法： 利用2016年全球疾病负担研究（GBD 2016）中中国10~19岁青少年死亡数据，描述1990—2016年中国青少年死亡率变化，并比较1990和2016年前15位死因。 结果： 1990—2016年，中国10~19岁青少年全死因死亡率从102.5/10万下降至41.2/10万，约降至2016年全球平均水平（78.6/10万）的50%，但仍是2016年高收入国家平均水平（24.3/10万）的近2倍；女生死亡率下降幅度高于男生（68.7%比54.7%），10~14岁高于15~19岁（62.1%比57.1%）。26年间，前15位死因的死亡率均有大幅下降，其中传染病、孕产妇疾病和营养性疾病死亡率下降幅度最大（下降78.1%），其死亡构成比由11.1%降至6.1%，非传染性疾病和伤害的死亡率下降幅度相对较小（分别为58.2%和57.3%），其死亡构成比分别从33.4%和55.6%上升至34.8%和59.1%。前五位死因由1990年的溺水（死亡率17.39/10万，死亡构成比17.0%）、道路伤害（14.77/10万，14.4%）、自我伤害（11.44/10万，11.2%）、白血病（5.48/10万，5.4%）和人际间暴力（3.12/10万，3.0%）变为2016年的道路伤害（9.27/10万，22.5%）、溺水（6.83/10万，16.6%）、白血病（2.73/10万，6.6%）、自我伤害（2.53/10万，6.2%）和先天性出生缺陷（1.76/10万，4.3%），2016年结核病、中毒和风湿性心脏病跌出前15名死因。 结论： 中国青少年死亡率大幅下降，但仍高于发达国家。1990年以来，道路伤害和溺水等伤害一直是青少年最主要死因，其次是慢性非传染性疾病。.
Keywords: Adolescent; Cause of death; Mortality.