Stent grafts in patients with carotid blowout syndrome: Outcome and antiplatelet therapy in preventive versus emergency cases

Head Neck. 2018 Nov;40(11):2521-2527. doi: 10.1002/hed.25388. Epub 2018 Aug 13.

Abstract

Background: Carotid blowout syndrome due to tumor infiltration, fistulas, and therapy-related necrosis can occur as late as years after the treatment. Reporting our experiences with preventive and acute treatment with stent grafts and discussing different ways of antiplatelet therapy.

Methods: We reviewed all patients between 2010 and 2016 who underwent stent graft placement and analyzed outcome, complications, and antiplatelet regime.

Results: Seventeen patients were treated in 24 sessions (n = 7 threatened, n = 5 imminent, and n = 12 acute bleeding). The antiplatelet regime covered the entire range from aspirin only to loading doses of aspirin/clopidogrel, perioperative heparin, and aspirin/clopidogrel for 12 months followed by lifelong aspirin. Rare complications were not associated with the preprocedural or periprocedural but were associated with the postprocedural antiplatelet regime.

Conclusion: Most complications of stent graft implantations due to a carotid blowout syndrome occur postprocedurally: rare thrombotic events are linked to not taking a medication and frequent rebleedings may be reduced by an earlier reduction of dual-antiplatelet to mono-antiplatelet therapy.

Keywords: antiplatelet therapy; bleeding; carotid blowout syndrome; drug regime; stent graft.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Carotid Artery Injuries / diagnostic imaging
  • Carotid Artery Injuries / etiology
  • Carotid Artery Injuries / therapy*
  • Clopidogrel / administration & dosage*
  • Cohort Studies
  • Emergency Treatment / methods
  • Female
  • Head and Neck Neoplasms / complications
  • Head and Neck Neoplasms / pathology
  • Head and Neck Neoplasms / surgery*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / administration & dosage*
  • Primary Prevention / methods*
  • Prognosis
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Assessment
  • Rupture, Spontaneous / etiology
  • Rupture, Spontaneous / prevention & control
  • Stents*
  • Syndrome
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
  • Clopidogrel