Gastric Carcinoids

Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2018 Sep;47(3):645-660. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2018.04.013. Epub 2018 Jul 11.

Abstract

Gastric carcinoids, formally named gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), are derived from enterochromaffin-like cells of the stomach and are increasingly diagnosed. A majority are designated as type I (related to autoimmune gastritis) and type II (related to gastrinoma) neoplasms that develop secondary to gastrin hypersecretion. Types I and II gastric carcinoids are mostly small-sized (1-2 cm), multiple, low-malignancy potential lesions mainly confined to the gastric mucosa/submucosa. These lesions have an indolent course and low metastatic potential. In contrast, type III gastric carcinoids are single, larger-sized (>2 cm), non-gastrin-related lesions that infiltrate the muscular layers associated with local and distant metastases.

Keywords: Atrophic gastritis; Carcinoids; Endoscopic ultrasound; Gastrin; Neuroendocrine.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adenocarcinoma / drug therapy
  • Adenocarcinoma / pathology
  • Adenocarcinoma / therapy
  • Carcinoid Tumor / drug therapy
  • Carcinoid Tumor / pathology*
  • Carcinoid Tumor / therapy*
  • Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / drug therapy
  • Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / therapy*
  • Humans
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
  • Neuroendocrine Tumors / drug therapy
  • Neuroendocrine Tumors / pathology*
  • Neuroendocrine Tumors / therapy*
  • Stomach Neoplasms / drug therapy
  • Stomach Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Stomach Neoplasms / therapy*