Comparing Outcomes of Phacoemulsification With Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery in Patients With Fuchs Endothelial Dystrophy

Abstract

Purpose: To compare the outcome in patients with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (FED) who underwent standard phacoemulsification vs femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) in the treatment of visually significant cataracts.

Design: Retrospective, comparative, interventional case series.

Methods: Patient or Study Population: Between April 2013 and December 2016, 140 FED eyes with cataracts of all densities were included. Seventy-two eyes underwent phacoemulsification and 68 eyes underwent FLACS. Intervention or Observation Procedures: Automated noncontact specular microscopy was performed at baseline and postoperatively over a mean of 17.91 ± 10.47 months. Parameters collected include visual acuity, slit-lamp examination findings, and intraoperative findings.

Main outcome measures: Pachymetry, endothelial cell density (ECD), and coefficient of variance (COV) were compared.

Results: Phacoemulsification had significantly greater postoperative median loss of ECD of 229.0 cells/mm² (14.2%) compared to FLACS ECD of 133.0 cells/mm² (6.5%) (U = 1343.0, Z = -2.241, P = .025). Mean loss of ECD was 346.524 ± 420.472 cells/mm² and 119.964 ± 434.882 cells/mm² for phacoemulsification and FLACS, respectively (P = .005). Mean percentage loss of ECD was 15.3% ± 17.5% for phacoemulsification and 4.4% ± 25.0% for FLACS (P = .006). Eyes that underwent phacoemulsification had 10.7% ± 15.4% mean ECD loss in the mild cataract group, and in the moderate/hard cataract group 19.5% ± 18.0%, P = .045. Eyes that underwent FLACS had 0.9% ± 22.5% mean ECD loss in the mild cataract group, and 8.2% ± 26.3% in the moderate/hard cataract group, P = .291. Comparison between procedures of mean ECD loss for moderate/hard cataracts was significant (P = .043).

Conclusions: FLACS is shown to be superior to phacoemulsification in reducing postoperative endothelial cell loss in FED patients, which translates to a lower risk of corneal decompensation, especially in patients with moderate/hard cataract densities.