Understanding selective predation: Are energy and nutrients important?

PLoS One. 2018 Aug 8;13(8):e0201300. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201300. eCollection 2018.

Abstract

For generalist predators, a mixed diet can be advantageous as it allows individuals to exploit a potentially broad range of profitable food types. Despite this, some generalist predators show preferences for certain types of food and may forage selectively in places or at times when these foods are available. One such species is the lesser hairy-footed dunnart (Sminthopsis youngsoni). Usually considered to be a generalist insectivore, in the Simpson Desert, Australia, this small marsupial predator has been found to selectively consume wolf spiders (Family Lycosidae), for reasons yet unknown. Here, we tested whether lycosids have relatively high energy or nutrient contents compared to other invertebrates, and hence whether these aspects of food quality can explain selective predation of lycosids by S. youngsoni. Energy, lipid and protein composition of representatives of 9 arthropod families that are eaten by S. youngsoni in the Simpson Desert were ascertained using microbomb calorimetry, chloroform-methanol extraction and Dumas combustion, respectively. Although lycosids contained a high proportion of energy and nutrients, they were not found to yield statistically greater amounts of these food components than many other available arthropod prey that are not selected by S. youngsoni. Our results therefore suggest that alternative factors may be more influential in shaping dietary selection in this marsupial predator, such as high rates of encounter between lycosids and S. youngsoni.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Energy Metabolism / physiology*
  • Food Chain*
  • Marsupialia / physiology*
  • Models, Biological*
  • Predatory Behavior*
  • Spiders

Grants and funding

This work was funded by the Australian Research Council and the Australian Government’s Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (http://www.tern.org.au/) to CRD and ACG, an Australian research infrastructure facility established under the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy and Education Infrastructure Fund - Super Science Initiative through the Department of Industry, Innovation, Science, Research and Tertiary Education. CRD was supported by an Australian Research Council Fellowship, and ACG by funding from the National Environmental Science Programme Threatened Species Recovery Hub.