Objective: Due to the special anatomical structure and pathophysiological mechanism of the central nervous system (CNS), there is a big difference between the repair of brain injury and other systems of the body. More and more evidence shows that targetedly reducing the autoimmune response of brain tissue without affecting the immune function in other parts of the body will be the best optimized treatment for brain injury.
Data sources: This review was based on data in articles published in PubMed up to June 5, 2017, with the following keywords: "immune tolerance", "traumatic brain injury", and "central nervous system".
Study selection: Original articles and critical reviews on immune tolerance and brain damage were selected for this review. References of the retrieved articles were also screened to search for potentially relevant papers.
Results: The CNS is isolated from the immune system through the blood-brain barrier. After brain injury, brain antigens are released into the systemic circulation to induce damaging immune responses. Immune tolerance can effectively reduce the brain edema and neurological inflammatory response after brain injury, which is beneficial to the recovery of neurological function. The clinical application prospect and theoretical research value of the treatment of immune tolerance on traumatic brain injury (TBI) is worth attention.
Conclusions: The establishment of immune tolerance mechanism has a high clinical value in the treatment of TBI. It opens up new opportunities for the treatment of brain damage.
免疫耐受疗法：创伤性脑损伤治疗的新方法摘要目的：由于中枢神经系统特殊的解剖结构和病理生理机制，造成脑损伤后修复与机体其他系统存在较大差异。越来越多的证据表明，针对性的降低脑组织的自身免疫反应，而不影响机体其他部位免疫功能的治疗方法将是治疗脑损伤的最佳优化方案。 数据来源：本文收集了直至2017年6月5日在PubMed数据库内的关于免疫耐受和创伤性脑损伤的相关文章。所有关键词是“免疫耐受”、“创伤性脑损伤”、“中枢神经系统”。 论文选取标准：所有在中枢神经系统中研究免疫耐受和脑损伤的论著及重要的综述均包含在本文研究范围内。我们也对检索到的文献中的参考文献进行了进一步筛选，以尽可能涵盖所有相关文献。 结果：中枢神经系统通过血脑屏障与免疫系统相隔离，在发生脑损伤后，脑抗原释放到全身循环引起损伤性的免疫反应。免疫耐受可有效减轻脑损伤后脑水肿和神经系统炎症反应等症状，有利于神经功能的恢复。创伤性脑损伤的免疫耐受治疗具有较好的临床应用前景和理论研究价值。 结论：免疫耐受机制的建立在创伤性颅脑损伤的治疗中具有较高的临床应用价值，它为患者的脑损伤治疗开辟了新的机遇。.
Keywords: Central Nervous System; Immune Tolerance; Traumatic Brain Injury.