Objective: To study the effects of oxidized tyrosine products and dityrosine on the myocardial injury and inflammatory response in 10-week-gavaged mice.
Methods: A total of 30 female Kunming mice were assigned to three groups: gavagedwith saline( Con), oxidized tyrosine products( O-Tyr) and dityrosine( Dityr) for 320μg/kg BW for 10 weeks. Levels of oxidized protein products( DT, AOPPs, 3-NT) and lipid peroxidation products( MDA), oxidative stress( T-AOC and GSH/GSSG), markers of myocardium injury( CK, CK-MB, cTnI and Ca~(2+)-ATPase), markers of inflammatory factor( CRP and TNF-α) were investigated and the genes related to inflammatory response were detected by Real-time quantitative( PCR).
Results: 10 weeks of gavage experiments enhanced the levels of dityrosine( DT), advanced oxidation protein products( AOPPs), 3-nitrotyrosine( 3-NT), and malondialdehyde( MDA), and decreased total antioxidant capacity( T-AOC) and the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione( GSH/GSSG) in mice plasma and myocardium. Besides, O-Tyr and Dityr increased the levels of creatine kinase( CK), creatine kinase isoenzymes( CK-MB), cardiac troponin I( cTnI) in plasma anddecreased the activities of Ca~(2+)-ATPase in myocardium. O-Tyr and Dityr increased the levels of C-reactive protein( CRP) and tumour necrosis factor α( TNF-α) in plasma. The gene expression of inflammatory response were up-regulated.
Conclusion: O-Tyr and Dityr increase the accumulation of myocardial protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation products and induce oxidative damage to myocardium. O-Tyr and Dityr may cause myocardial tissue injury and inflammatory response. Dityrosine, as the main component of tyrosine oxidative products, may play a major role in the process of oxidized tyrosine products causing myocardial injury in mice.
Keywords: dityrosine; inflammation; myocardium; oxidative stress; oxidized tyrosine.