A Novel 2-D Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique for Acoustic-Resolution Photoacoustic Microscopy

IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2019 Jan;38(1):250-260. doi: 10.1109/TMI.2018.2861400. Epub 2018 Jul 31.

Abstract

Acoustic-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (AR-PAM) is a promising technology for vascular or tumor-targeted molecular imaging. Unique advantages of AR-PM are its non-invasive, non-ionizing real-time, and deeper imaging depth. AR-PAM typically uses an ultrasound transducer with a high acoustic numerical aperture (NA) to enable deeper imaging depth. While high NA achieves good lateral resolution in the focal plane but significantly degrades the lateral resolution in the out-of-focus region. Synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) has been introduced to overcome this out-of-focus degradation by synthesizing the correlated signals. Several 2-D SAFTs have been also reported to improve degraded resolution in all directions. However, the resolution enhancement of the previously reported 2-D SAFTs are suboptimal and are not equivalent to the 1-D SAFT performance under an ideal condition with the sample orientation perpendicular to the synthetic aperture direction. In this paper, we present a new 2-D SAFT called 2-D directional SAFT that improves the lateral resolution significantly and we compare our results against 1-D SAFT under ideal condition. We applied this algorithm to phantom and in vivo images to show the improvement in image quality. We also implement this algorithm in a graphical processing unit to achieve high performance to show the practicality of implementing this new algorithm in a system.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Algorithms
  • Animals
  • Hindlimb / blood supply
  • Hindlimb / diagnostic imaging
  • Image Enhancement / methods*
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Microscopy, Acoustic / methods*
  • Phantoms, Imaging
  • Photoacoustic Techniques / methods*