Interspecies Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activities of Genus Solanum and Estimation of Rutin by Validated UPLC-PDA Method

Mohamed Fahad Alajmi; Perwez Alam; Md Tabish Rehman; Fohad Mabood Husain; Azmat Ali Khan; Nasir Ali Siddiqui; Afzal Hussain; Mohd Abul Kalam; Mohammad Khalid Parvez

doi:10.1155/2018/6040815

Interspecies Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activities of Genus Solanum and Estimation of Rutin by Validated UPLC-PDA Method

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018 Jul 3:2018:6040815. doi: 10.1155/2018/6040815. eCollection 2018.

Authors

Mohamed Fahad Alajmi¹, Perwez Alam¹, Md Tabish Rehman¹, Fohad Mabood Husain², Azmat Ali Khan³, Nasir Ali Siddiqui¹, Afzal Hussain¹, Mohd Abul Kalam⁴, Mohammad Khalid Parvez¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
³ Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Nanomedicine Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Solanaceae is one of the highly diverse plant families of which Solanum is the largest genera (1700 species) containing several pharmacological properties like anticancer and antimicrobial. This motivated us to explore the anticancer (against HepG2, HEK-293, and MCF-7 cells) and antimicrobial (against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans) properties of S. schimperianum, S. villosum, S. coagulans, S. glabratum, S. incanum, and S. nigrum along with rutin estimation by UPLC-PDA method. Of the studied Solanum extracts, S. nigrum exhibited significant cytotoxic property against HepG2 (IC₅₀: 20.4 μg/mL) and MCF-7 (IC₅₀: 30.1 μg/mL); S. coagulans showed toxicity against HepG2 (IC₅₀: 28.4 μg/mL) and HEK-293 cells (IC₅₀: 25.7 μg/mL) compared to 5-Fluorouracil (standard). Compared to these, extracts of S. coagulans and S. glabratum exhibited relatively high antimicrobial potency (MIC: 0.4-1.6 mg/mL). Nonetheless, all Solanum extracts significantly reduced the biofilm against PAO1-strain. Rutin was detected in all extracts with the highest content (53.79 μg/mg) in S. coagulans that supported its strong antimicrobial and anticancer properties. Molecular docking analysis showing strong binding of rutin with human DNA and proteins (DNA Topoisomerase IIα and E. coli DNA gyrase B) supported the anticancer and antimicrobial activities of Solanum species.