Hand Sensibility in Healthy Young Children

Abstract

Background: The aims of the study were (1) to assess hand sensibility in healthy young children using instruments validated for adults; (2) to identify which test tools are suitable; and (3) to compare the dominant and nondominant sides.

Methods: Twenty-five healthy children aged seven to 11 years (mean = 9.5 years) were investigated. Sensibility was assessed with the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test, two-point discrimination, localization test, and stereognosis object recognition.

Results: The thinnest Semmes-Weinstein filament (D = 2.83 mm) was felt at 94% of examined points. A two-point discrimination at the smallest distance of 2 mm was found in the thumb in 84% of children and in the index finger in 94%. Only 60% felt this distance in the fifth digit. The difference between little finger and index finger was statistically significant. Near-maximum value on the localization test was scored in both hands. All children had a 100% score for both hands in the stereognosis object recognition.

Conclusions: Most children can detect touch in the digits at low pressure. The majority are able to discern two points 2 mm apart in the first and second digits, but significantly less so in the fifth digit. Children are well able to localize on which side of a fingertip pressure is applied. Objects are recognized well. There appear to be no differences between the dominant and nondominant hands in either test. Adjustment of sensory test protocols routinely used in adults is necessary to optimize hand sensation testing in children, in view of the detection limits.

Keywords: Children; Fingertip; Hand; Innervation; Neonatal brachial plexus palsy; Sensation; Sensibility test measurement; Sensory.