Antenatal depressive symptoms during late pregnancy among women in a north-eastern province of Thailand: Prevalence and associated factors

Abstract

Background: Globally, depression is prevalent during pregnancy and several factors have been associated with antenatal depressive symptoms (ADS). However, ADS have rarely been investigated in Thailand. This study aimed at exploring the prevalence of ADS and factors associated with these symptoms among Thai women in late pregnancy.

Methods: A cross-sectional study including 449 women in late pregnancy was carried out. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to detect depressive symptoms with a score of 10 points or higher. Socio-demographic characteristics and psychosocial risks were measured in association with ADS. Percentage and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the prevalence of ADS. Odds ratio (OR) and 95%CI were used to determine ADS-related risk factors among women.

Results: The prevalence of ADS was 46.8% (95%CI 42.3-51.4). Pregnant women aged less than 20 years (OR 2.58, 95%CI 1.14-5.84) and those not having enough money (OR 2.71, 95%CI 1.22-6.05) had an increased risk of ADS. Psychosocial risks related to ADS for women were low psychological well-being (OR 3.12, 95%CI 1.75-5.58), low self-esteem (OR 2.08, 95%CI 1.24-3.49), and low sense of coherence (OR 1.82, 95%CI 1.12-2.95).

Conclusions: The prevalence of ADS among Thai women in their late pregnancy is high. Socio-demographic characteristics and psychosocial factors are independently associated with ADS. Healthcare providers in Thailand should consider EPDS as a standardised screening tool for ADS and use it at antenatal care clinics. Implementing programs focusing on both pregnant women and their family might increase the prevention of perinatal depression.

Keywords: Antenatal depressive symptoms; Pregnant women; Prevalence; Risk factors; Thailand.