Strategies to increase cardioprotection through cardioprotective chemokines in chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity

Abstract

Background: Cardiotoxicity is one of the most important side effects of chemotherapy and its management save myocardium from injury and its consequences.

Aim: In this review we discuss cardioprotective chemokines and cardioprotective mechanisms and pathways that induce cardioprotection through cardioprotective chemokines.

Method: We searched English literature articles in Google scholar and PubMed from "1990 to 2018" through using the terms "Cardioprotection; Cardioprotective Chemokine; Chemotherapy Induced Cardiotoxicity; Cardiomyocytes; Cytokine".

Discussion: The routine cardioprotective strategies during chemotherapy such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and β-blockers have cardioprotective effects. Cardioprotective mechanisms and strategies can offer the oncologist several methods to protect the cardiac system through using efficient cardioprotective agents. Chemokines such as SDF-1a, IL-6,IL-8,IL-12 and G-CSF are cardioprotective chemokines. Accelerating the cardioprotection through inducing cardioprotective chemokines production can be useful in chemotherapy.

Conclusion: Stimulating the production of cardioprotective chemokines through the pathways which induce the production of cardioprotective chemokines can work strongly beside the β-blockers and ACE inhibitors. The ambiguous point in cardioprotective pathways is that JAK2/STAT3 pathway which is linked to IL-6 production pathway, which induce intracellular adhesion molecule-1 in the area of the ischemia in myocardium and this process is not benefit in cardioprotection however IL-6 induce cardiomyocytes regeneration so it enhance our dull vision about IL-6. Finally there are several choices which can increase cardioprotection during the chemotherapy and if we overcome the boundaries in confirming the efficiency of cardioprotective chemokines and the activation of them through using several mechanisms we will break through the difficulties over chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity.

Keywords: Cancer induced cardiotoxicity; Cardiomyocyte; Cardioprotection; Cardioprotective chemokines; Cytokines.