Urea and creatinine detection on nano-laminated gold thin film using Kretschmann-based surface plasmon resonance biosensor

PLoS One. 2018 Jul 27;13(7):e0201228. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201228. eCollection 2018.

Abstract

This work investigates the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) response of 50-nm thick nano-laminated gold film using Kretschmann-based biosensing for detection of urea and creatinine in solution of various concentrations (non-enzymatic samples). Comparison was made with the presence of urease and creatininase enzymes in the urea and creatinine solutions (enzymatic samples), respectively. Angular interrogation technique was applied using optical wavelengths of 670 nm and 785 nm. The biosensor detects the presence of urea and creatinine at concentrations ranging from 50-800 mM for urea samples and 10-200 mM for creatinine samples. The purpose of studying the enzymatic sample was mainly to enhance the sensitivity of the sensor towards urea and creatinine in the samples. Upon exposure to 670 nm optical wavelength, the sensitivity of 1.4°/M was detected in non-enzymatic urea samples and 4°/M in non-enzymatic creatinine samples. On the other hand, sensor sensitivity as high as 16.2°/M in urea-urease samples and 10°/M in creatinine-creatininase samples was detected. The enhanced sensitivity possibly attributed to the increase in refractive index of analyte sensing layer due to urea-urease and creatinine-creatininase coupling activity. This work has successfully proved the design and demonstrated a proof-of-concept experiment using a low-cost and easy fabrication of Kretschmann based nano-laminated gold film SPR biosensor for detection of urea and creatinine using urease and creatininase enzymes.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amidohydrolases / analysis
  • Clinical Chemistry Tests / instrumentation*
  • Clinical Chemistry Tests / methods
  • Creatinine / analysis*
  • Equipment Design
  • Gold Compounds
  • Kidneys, Artificial
  • Nanostructures
  • Refractometry
  • Renal Dialysis
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Surface Plasmon Resonance / instrumentation*
  • Surface Plasmon Resonance / methods
  • Urea / analysis*
  • Urease / analysis

Substances

  • Gold Compounds
  • Urea
  • Creatinine
  • Amidohydrolases
  • Urease
  • creatininase

Grants and funding

This work was supported by Grants DIP-2016-022 (Dana Impak Perdana, National Impact Grant), GUP-2016-062 (Grant Universiti Penyelidikan, Research University Grant) provided by UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA (http://research.ukm.my/muat-turun/) AND Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HiCOE) AKU-95 grant from Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education (https://www.mohe.gov.my/en/download/awam/borang-1/hicoe). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.