Rapid and Quantitative CELD Assay to Measure the Specificity of Transcription Factor-DNA-Binding Interactions and Identify cis-Elements

Methods Mol Biol. 2018:1830:307-324. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8657-6_18.

Abstract

Specific interaction between transcription factor (TF) and cis-regulatory elements in the context of chromatin is the key to determining gene expression. Thus, it is important to measure DNA-binding specificity and identify cis-elements of TFs of your interest. In this chapter, we described a microwell-based assay to determine DNA-binding specificity by using translational fusion of a TF with a highly active cellulase (CELD), which hydrolyzes 4-methylumbelliferyl β-D-cellobioside to a fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferone product. The hydrolysis activity arrows us to quantify the binding strength between TF-CELD fusion protein and biotinylated DNA sequences in a 96-well microplate. The high-throughput and quantitative nature of CELD assay enable researchers to test a large number of putative DNA-binding sites of TFs, which subsequently leads to the identification of its direct target genes.

Keywords: Biotinylated DNA probe; DNA-binding specificity; TF-CELD fusion; Transcription factor; cis-Elements.

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Binding Sites
  • Biotinylation
  • Cellulase / metabolism*
  • DNA Probes / metabolism
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / chemistry
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism*
  • Escherichia coli / metabolism
  • Histidine / metabolism
  • Molecular Biology / methods*
  • Oligopeptides / metabolism
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic / genetics
  • Protein Binding
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / metabolism
  • Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid / genetics*
  • Solutions
  • Transcription Factors / chemistry
  • Transcription Factors / metabolism*

Substances

  • DNA Probes
  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • His-His-His-His-His-His
  • Oligopeptides
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins
  • Solutions
  • Transcription Factors
  • Histidine
  • Cellulase