The Difluoromethyl Group as a Masked Nucleophile: A Lewis Acid/Base Approach

J Am Chem Soc. 2018 Aug 1;140(30):9404-9408. doi: 10.1021/jacs.8b06093. Epub 2018 Jul 24.

Abstract

The difluoromethyl group (R-CF2H) imparts desirable pharmacokinetic properties to drug molecules and is commonly targeted as a terminal functional group that is not amenable to further modification. Deprotonation of widely available Ar-CF2H starting materials to expose nucleophilic Ar-CF2- synthons represents an unexplored, yet promising route to construct benzylic Ar-CF2-R linkages. Here we show that the combination of a Brønsted superbase with a weak Lewis acid enables deprotonation of Ar-CF2H groups and capture of reactive Ar-CF2- fragments. This route provides access to isolable and reactive Ar-CF2- synthons that react with a broad array of electrophiles at room temperature. The methodology is highly general in both electrophile and difluoromethyl (hetero)arene and can be applied directly to the synthesis of benzylic difluoromethylene (Ar-CF2-R) linkages, which are useful lipophilic and metabolically resistant replacements for benzylic linkages in medicinal chemistry.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't