Management of LRTI is becoming more frequently challenging since the emergence of multidrug resistance bacteria and the increase of severe viral infection, reducing the number of available effective drugs. The clinical evaluation of new therapeutic associations is mandatory to cope with the increases in resistance, in association with better infection control and antimicrobial policies. Areas covered: We searched Pubmed in English language of phase I, II, III clinical trials and approved treatments for LRTI, between 2006 and 2016. Expert opinion:Development of new molecules or new combinations regimens are very important for patients with severe infections and in specific subgroups of patients like CF and bronchiectatic patients. Standardized protocols for antibiotic stewardship in difficult-to-treat infections are the next step. Moreover, non-antibiotic treatments and preventive strategies as vaccination need to be part of clinical practice.
Keywords: Gram-negative; Gram-positive; Lower-respiratory tract infections; antibiotics; cystic fibrosis.