First multi-tool exploration of a gas-condensate-pyrolysate system from the environment of burning coal mine heaps: An in situ FTIR and laboratory GC and PXRD study based on Upper Silesian materials

Łukasz Kruszewski; Monika J Fabiańska; Justyna Ciesielczuk; Tomasz Segit; Ryszard Orłowski; Rafał Motyliński; Danuta Kusy; Izabela Moszumańska

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.319

First multi-tool exploration of a gas-condensate-pyrolysate system from the environment of burning coal mine heaps: An in situ FTIR and laboratory GC and PXRD study based on Upper Silesian materials

Sci Total Environ. 2018 Nov 1:640-641:1044-1071. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.319. Epub 2018 Jun 6.

Authors

Łukasz Kruszewski¹, Monika J Fabiańska², Justyna Ciesielczuk², Tomasz Segit³, Ryszard Orłowski⁴, Rafał Motyliński⁴, Danuta Kusy⁴, Izabela Moszumańska⁴

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences (ING PAN), 51/55 Twarda St., PL-00-818 Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: lkruszewski@twarda.pan.pl.
² Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, 60 Będzińska St., PL-41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
³ Department of Geology, University of Warsaw, 93 Żwirki i Wigury St., 02-089 Warszawa, Poland.
⁴ Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences (ING PAN), 51/55 Twarda St., PL-00-818 Warsaw, Poland.

PMID: 30021271
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.319

Abstract

A methodological approach to the complex geochemical analysis of the coal fire in burning coal mine heaps (BCMH) of Upper Silesian Coal Basin has been developed. The other approach used is gas chromatography and indicatory tubes. Powder X-Ray Diffraction is applied for phase analysis to determine the species composition of mineral condensates present within and around gas flues. The gas compositions are proved to be extremely variable, when comparing both different BCMH and flues or flue zones of the same heaps. One outstanding determination concerns GeCl₄, found in most samples often in large quantities. No evident dependence between the gas and mineral condensate compositions is found: N-rich condensates may but do not have to be associated with NH₃-, pyridine-, or NO_x-rich gases. This is also true for S-rich and Cl-rich mineralization in connection with gases of SO₂, H₂S, OCS, CS₂, thiophene, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, HCl, and various halogenated hydrocarbons. Fluorine is rarely present as HF, whereas SiF₄ occurs more frequently and in much larger quantities. AsH₃ is mainly a trace gas but may locally be enriched. Besides the common gases, a number of trace gases is also determined based on residual FTIR spectra. Those with the highest presence chance include cyanogen isocyanate, cyanogen N-oxide, (iso)cyanic acid, c-cyanomethanimine (ethylenediimine), isocyanatomethane, iodocyanoacetylene, acetonitrile, acetaldehyde, m-hydroxybenzonitrile (m-cyanophenol), isonitrosyl chloride, nitrosyl isocyanide, difluorosilane, pentacene, triphenylene, thiazolidine, cyclohexane, and a trinitrenetriazine. The occurrence of some metals and semimetals (e.g., Al, Mg, Ga) as neutral hydroxides, suggested by other authors to occur in natural gases, is possibly confirmed. The presence of trace metal carbonyls, nitrosyls and hydrides is also possible.

Keywords: Arsine; Burning coal-mining heaps; Coal fire gas composition; Gas vent; Germanium tetrachloride; Portable FTIR spectrometer.