Allogenic vs. synthetic granules for bone tissue engineering: an in vitro study

Farnaz Kouhestani; Farnaz Dehabadi; Mehrnoosh Hasan Shahriari; Saeed Reza Motamedian

doi:10.1007/s40204-018-0092-3

Allogenic vs. synthetic granules for bone tissue engineering: an in vitro study

Prog Biomater. 2018 Jun;7(2):133-141. doi: 10.1007/s40204-018-0092-3. Epub 2018 Jul 17.

Authors

Farnaz Kouhestani¹, Farnaz Dehabadi², Mehrnoosh Hasan Shahriari³, Saeed Reza Motamedian⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
² Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
³ Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁴ Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. motamedian@sbmu.ac.ir.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare human dental pulp stem cells' (DPSCs) attachment, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation on allogenic and synthetic biphasic bone granules. In this in vitro study, two types of bone granules were used: allograft [freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA)] and biphasic granules [hydroxyapatite/beta-tricalcium phosphate (HA/β-TCP)]. By isolation of DPSCs, their attachment to bone granules was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) at day 1 and 7 of cultivation. Vital cells were measured by MTT assay at 1, 3, and 7 days of cell culture. Comparison of vital cells at different time points was considered as cell proliferation. Finally, differentiation of DPSCs was evaluated by measurement of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after cell seeding in standard and osteogenic media. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA with a significant level of 0.05. Attachment of DPSCs on FDBA granules seemed relatively stronger. The number of cells (based on MTT values) and ALP activity of the cells cultured on both study groups increased between time points (p ≤ 0.001). FDBA granules had more cells compared to HA/β-TCP granules (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between ALP activity of two study groups cultured in the standard medium (p = 0.347) and they were both higher than the control group (p < 0.05). In the osteogenic medium, FDBA group had significantly higher ALP activity compared to HA/β-TCP (p = 0.035) and control (p = 0.001) groups while there was no significant difference between ALP activity of HA/β-TCP and control groups (p = 0.645). In conclusion, current in vitro study revealed that FDBA granules have more potential in supporting DPSCs attachment and proliferation and inducing their ALP activity compared to HA/β-TCP granules. Therefore, FDBA could serve as a proper bone substitute material.

Keywords: Allograft; Bone regeneration; Bone substitute; Dental pulp stem cells; Hydroxyapatite; In vitro study; Tissue engineering; Tricalcium phosphate.