Melanization of Dirofilaria immitis Larvae in Different Culicid Species

Gandílcia Aparecida de Carvalho; Rafael Antonio Nascimento Ramos; Rafael TrindadeMaia; Carlos Fernando Salgueirosa de Andrade; Candâmara Leucio Alves

Melanization of Dirofilaria immitis Larvae in Different Culicid Species

J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2018 Mar 18;12(1):94-99. eCollection 2018 Mar.

Authors

Gandílcia Aparecida de Carvalho¹, Rafael Antonio Nascimento Ramos², Rafael TrindadeMaia³, Carlos Fernando Salgueirosa de Andrade⁴, Candâmara Leucio Alves²

Affiliations

¹ Academic Unit of Garanhuns, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Brazil.
² Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
³ Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Campina Grande, Sumé, Brazil.
⁴ Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.

PMID: 30018997
PMCID: PMC6046106

Abstract

Background: Dirofilaria immitis is an important filarioid transmitted by culicids. The vector role of these arthropods may be influenced by biological events as melanization against D. immitis larvae. This study aimed to detect the occurrence of melanization in Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus experimentally infected with D. immitis.

Methods: Five populations (Cx. quinquefasciatus RECIFE (P1), Ae. albopictus RECIFE (P2), Ae. aegypti RECIFE (P3), Ae. aegypti CAMPINAS (P4) and Ae. aegypti ROCKEFELLER (P5)) were artificially fed with infected blood containing D. immitis microfilariae. Ten mosquitoes per day from each population were dissected for 14 days.

Results: Melanized larvae of D. immitis were observed in all population except in P3. The period in which melanized larvae were found varied from the third to the 14^th day post-infection. Difference in the number of these larvae was observed between P5 and P2-P3 (P< 0.01), and between P5 and P4 (P< 0.05). Third-stage larvae of D. immitis were detected in all population 14 d post-infection, except in P3, which presented high mortality 24 h post-infection. The melanization observed in the populations herein studied did not indicate refractory since third-stage larvae were observed at the end of the experiment. Most likely, this immune response aimed to control the number of larvae, in order to maintain the equilibrium between vector-parasite.

Conclusion: The melanization did not seem to be a limiting factor to the development of this filarioid in these local Brazilian Culicidae populations.

Keywords: Dirofilariasis; Immune response; Mosquitoes; Vector.