Antihypertensive Drugs in Croatia: What Changes the Drug Usage Patterns?

Abstract

Purpose: Possible factors that could influence changes in patterns of prescribing antihypertensives could be identified by monitoring national trends in hypertension treatment. The choice of pharmacologic treatment in people with hypertension has important therapeutic and financial implications, due to the fact that the financial costs associated with hypertension continue to increase. The aims of our study were to identify and analyze changes in the usage of antihypertensive drugs in Croatia from 2000 to 2016 and to identify the changes in prescribing patterns as well as mean prices per defined daily dose (DDD).

Methods: Data on consumption in Croatia were obtained from the International Medical Statistics database. According to the World Health Organization's Collaborating Center for Drugs Statistics Methodology, per-annum volumes of drugs are presented in DDD per 1000 population per day (DDD/1000), while data on financial expenditure are presented in euros.

Findings: The consumption of drugs for cardiovascular disease in Croatia during the period from 2000 to 2016 increased 150.81%, while financial expenditure in the same period increased 47.32%. The most frequently prescribed subgroup was agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Their share among antihypertensives increased from 39.13% (2000) to 53.39% (2016). The share of diuretics in the same period decreased from 20.16% in 2000 to 12.73% in 2016.

Implications: The prescribing patterns of antihypertensive drugs in Croatia have changed, which could be a result of a combination of different factors, such as changes in laws, pharmaceutical marketing, and guidelines on hypertension therapy. The most prescribed subgroup in all of the investigated years was agents acting on the RAS, mainly because of the increased prescribing of combinations of RAS agents plus diuretics. The financial implications of legal changes and the introduction of new generic drugs led to decreased cost per DDD of antihypertensives during the investigated period, but the total expenditure on antihypertensives in Croatia increased due to increased consumption.

Keywords: antihypertensive drugs; drug usage; prescription patterns; price.