Activity of steroid 4 and derivatives 4a-4f as inhibitors of the enzyme 5α-reductase 1

Abstract

It is known that the growth of prostate metastatic bone tumor depends on androgens, and tumor formation can start from migratory malignant cells produced in that organ. These cells exhibit grater type 1 5α-reductase (5α-R1) activity than type 2 5α-reductase. Noteworthy, both isozymes convert testosterone (T) to the more active androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the target tissues. Thus, in order to potentially improve the prognosis of this disease, in this work, seven derivatives of 17-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)-16-formillandrosta-5,16-dien-3β-yl benzoate (4a-f) and 17-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)-3-hydroxy-16-formylandrost-5,16-diene (4) were synthesized, characterized and identified as inhibitors of type 1 5α-reductase (5αR1). These derivatives having the advantage of improved plasma half-life. The inhibitory activity of the compounds towards 5α-R1 isoenzyme was determined by conversion of T into DHT in the presence or absence of compounds 4, 4a-f. Further, in vivo experiments were also carried out, treating gonadectomized hamsters with T and/or 4, 4a-f and evaluating their effect on the diameter of hamster flank organs and on the weight of the prostatic and seminal vesicles. Results indicated that compounds 4, 4b, 4c, served as in vitro inhibitors of the enzyme 5α-R1 and pharmacological experiments showed that 4 and derivatives 4a-f decreased the diameter of the flank glands, the weight of the prostate and seminal vesicles of treated hamsters without any appreciable toxicity during observation. Noteworthy the fact that compound 4 is the product, in all cases, of the hydrolysis of the series of esters 4a-f, thus they can serve as precursors (prodrugs) of the active form 4.

Keywords: 17-(1H-Benzimidazol-1-yl)-16-formylandrosta-5,16-dien)-3β-hydroxy derivatives; Flank organs; Prostate cancer; Type 1 5α-reductase inhibitors; Weight of hamster prostate.