Viruses "hijack" cellular metabolism to complete their proliferation. Glucose is an important source of energy and carbon in the synthesis of precursor molecules in host cells, and its metabolism is regulated dramatically during virus infection. Here, we reviewed the mechanism of virus infection that alters glucose transport, expression of glucose metabolism-related genes (glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, gluconeogenesis) in cells, as well as islet cells and insulin receptors. It provides references for study of virus-altering cellular glucose metabolism.