Impact of Multiplex PCR in Reducing the Risk of Residual Transfusion-Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency and Hepatitis B and C Viruses in Burkina Faso

Arzouma Paul Yooda; Serge Theophile Soubeiga; K Yacouba Nebie; Birama Diarra; Salam Sawadogo; Abdoul Karim Ouattara; Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah; Albert Theophane Yonli; Issoufou Tao; Pegdwende Abel Sorgho; Honorine Dahourou; Jacques Simpore

doi:10.4084/MJHID.2018.041

Impact of Multiplex PCR in Reducing the Risk of Residual Transfusion-Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency and Hepatitis B and C Viruses in Burkina Faso

Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2018 Jul 1;10(1):e2018041. doi: 10.4084/MJHID.2018.041. eCollection 2018.

Authors

Arzouma Paul Yooda^{1

2

3}, Serge Theophile Soubeiga^{1

2}, K Yacouba Nebie³, Birama Diarra¹, Salam Sawadogo³, Abdoul Karim Ouattara^{1

2}, Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah⁴, Albert Theophane Yonli^{1

2}, Issoufou Tao^{1

2}, Pegdwende Abel Sorgho^{1

2}, Honorine Dahourou³, Jacques Simpore^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Molecular Genetics (LABIOGENE) UFR/SVT, University Ouaga I Prof. Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
² Biomolecular Research Center Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), 01 BP 364 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso.
³ National Blood Transfusion Center (CNTS), 01 BP 5372 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso.
⁴ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana.

Abstract

Background and objective: The improved performance of serological tests has significantly reduced the risk of human immunodeficiency and hepatitis B and C viruses transmission by blood transfusion, but there is a persistence of residual risk. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of multiplex PCR in reducing the risk of residual transmission of these viruses in seronegative blood donors in Burkina Faso.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from March to September 2017. The serological tests were performed on sera using ARCHITECT_SRi1000 (Abbot diagnosis, USA). Detection of viral nucleic acids was performed by multiplex PCR on mini-pools of seronegative plasma for HBV, HCV and HIV using SaCycler-96 Real Time PCR v.7.3 (Sacace Biotechnologies). Multiplex PCR-positive samples from these mini-pools were then individually tested by the same method.

Results: A total of 989 donors aged 17 to 65 were included in the present study. "Repeat donors" accounted for 44.79% (443/989). Seroprevalences for HIV, HBV, and HCV were 2.53% (25/989), 7.28% (72/989) and 2.73% (27/989), respectively. Of the 14 co-infections detected, HBV/HCV was the most common with 0.71% (7/989) of cases. Of 808 donations tested by multiplex PCR, 4.70% (38/808) were positive for HBV while no donation was positive for HIV or HCV.

Conclusion: Our study showed a high residual risk of HBV transmission through blood transfusion. Due to the high prevalence of blood-borne infections in Burkina Faso, we recommend the addition of multiplex PCR to serologic tests for optimal blood donation screening.

Keywords: Burkina Faso; HBV; HCV; HIV; Transfusion; multiplex PCR.