Fragmented QRS complexes after acute myocardial infarction are independently associated with unfavorable left ventricular remodeling

Abstract

Background: Recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) after acute myocardial infarction (MI) is not universal and is difficult to predict. Fragmented QRS (fQRS) complexes are thought to be markers of myocardial scar. We hypothesized that fQRS complexes on 12‑lead surface ECGs during the initial post-MI period would be associated with adverse LV remodeling over the following year.

Methods: Change in LVEF between the early (0-2 month) and later (2-12 month) post-MI periods was assessed in two independent cohorts of post-MI patients with initial LV dysfunction. A decline or no recovery in LVEF (ΔLVEF ≤0%) was used as a primary outcome. fQRS complexes were measured on 12‑lead ECGs within a week of acute MI. A subset of patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) for scar quantification.

Results: Of 705 patients in the combined cohort, 27% experienced the primary outcome (average ΔLVEF of -4%). fQRS complexes were associated with a two-fold higher risk of no LVEF recovery, independent of prior MI or CABG, baseline LVEF, MI location and QRS duration or axis. Of 113 patients undergoing CMR, fQRS was associated with increased peri-infarct zone late gadolinium enhancement (13 ± 5% vs 11 ± 4%, p = 0.02), but not core infarct.

Conclusions: Despite contemporary post-MI therapy, >1 in 4 patients will show a decline in LVEF during follow-up. Fragmented QRS complexes on 12‑lead surface ECG early post-MI may be a valuable marker of unfavorable LV remodeling and correlate to increased peri-infarct scar on CMR imaging.

Keywords: Ejection fraction; Fragmented QRS complex; Left ventricular remodeling; Myocardial infarction; Myocardial scar.