Occurrence of triclocarban and benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers in water, sediment, and fish from Indian rivers

Krishnamoorthi Vimalkumar; Elaiyaraja Arun; Selvaraj Krishna-Kumar; Rama Krishnan Poopal; Nishikant Patil Nikhil; Annamalai Subramanian; Ramaswamy Babu-Rajendran

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.042

Occurrence of triclocarban and benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers in water, sediment, and fish from Indian rivers

Sci Total Environ. 2018 Jun 1:625:1351-1360. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.042. Epub 2018 Jan 12.

Authors

Krishnamoorthi Vimalkumar¹, Elaiyaraja Arun¹, Selvaraj Krishna-Kumar¹, Rama Krishnan Poopal¹, Nishikant Patil Nikhil¹, Annamalai Subramanian¹, Ramaswamy Babu-Rajendran²

Affiliations

¹ Ecotoxicology and Toxicogenomics Lab, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India.
² Ecotoxicology and Toxicogenomics Lab, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: ramaswamybr@gmail.com.

PMID: 29996432
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.042

Abstract

Triclocarban and benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) are listed as high production volume synthetic chemicals, used extensively in personal care products. Many of these chemicals persist in the aquatic environment as micropollutants. Knowledge on their fate in freshwater ecosystems is still lacking, especially in the Indian Rivers. Our intention is to study the seasonal distribution, hazard quotient, risk assessment, and bioaccumulation of triclocarban and BUVSs (UV-9, UV-P, UV-326, UV-327, UV-328, and UV-329) during wet and dry seasons in water, sediment and fish from the Kaveri, Vellar, and Thamiraparani rivers in Tamil Nadu State, India. Triclocarban and BUVSs were identified in all matrices analysed. Triclocarban was found in water, sediment, and fish up to 1119ng/L, 26.3ng/g (dry wt.), and 692ng/g (wet wt.), respectively. Among BUVSs, UV-329 was found up to 31.3ng/L (water samples), UV-327 up to 7.3ng/g (sediment samples), and UV-9 up to 79.4ng/g (fish samples). The hazard quotient (HQ_env.) for triclocarban in surface water was found to be at risk level (HQ_env. >1) in the Kaveri, and Thamiraparani rivers during dry season. Bioaccumulation factors indicate that target compounds (triclocarban and BUVSs) could bio-accumulate in organisms.

Keywords: Environmental compartment; GC–MS; Indian river; LLE; Micro pollutants.