Due to immature development of the immune system, preterm infants are at increased risk of infections from vaccine-preventable diseases. But at the same time, premature vaccination may not induce a good immune response because of the incomplete development of the neonatal immune system, and may cause serious adverse reactions risk due to the poor immune tolerance, thus vaccination of preterm infants at the appropriate time is the key to reducing the risk of infectious disease and obtaining vaccine protection. At present, it is generally recommended that the gestational age and birth weight should be considered in the vaccination of preterm infants. The timing, type and even the immunization schedule of the vaccine should be differ from that of the full term infants. However, there is a lack of research results and data on immunization program in preterm infants in China, and there is still no provided universal guidelines for their vaccine immunization. This article aims to summarize the guidelines and clinical trials of vaccination of preterm infants in foreign countries, and to provide reference for the formulation and implementation of immunization strategies for preterm infants in China.
早产儿因自身免疫系统功能发育不成熟而导致罹患疫苗可预防疾病的风险升高。但同时由于新生儿免疫系统发育不完全，过早免疫接种可能无法诱导良好的免疫应答，且可能因为其免疫耐受性差而带来严重不良反应的风险，因此在适当时机为早产儿进行疫苗接种是降低感染性疾病发病风险、获得疫苗保护的关键。在早产儿接种疫苗时应充分考虑胎龄和出生体重，其接种疫苗的时间、种类和免疫程序应该与足月儿有所差别。由于我国在早产儿免疫接种程序方面的研究结果和数据十分缺乏，目前还没有建立针对早产儿的疫苗免疫指南。该综述正对国外早产儿疫苗接种的指南和临床试验进行总结，可为我国制定和推行早产儿的免疫接种策略提供参考和借鉴。.
Keywords: Immunization effect; Infant premature; Vaccination.