Considerable evidence suggests the Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) and related peptides exert pro-nociceptive and anti-opiate actions, particularly at the supra-spinal level, which may contribute to opiate dependence. The FF1 receptor subtype appears to be primarily responsible for anti-opiate effects. In contrast, stimulation of the FF2 receptor primarily induces pro-opiate effects. AC-262620 is a small molecule, systemically active, selective FF1 receptor antagonist. An initial experiment showed that 10 mg/kg i.p. AC-262620 significantly reduced subsequent naloxone-precipitated somatically expressed withdrawal signs in rats infused s.c. for seven days with 0.3 mg/kg/hr morphine sulfate. A second experiment showed that the same dose of AC-262620 significantly reduced subsequent spontaneous withdrawal signs 23.75 h after termination of seven days s.c. infusion of 0.6 mg/kg/hr morphine sulfate. Chronic nicotine intake may contribute to dependence by overstimulating opiate receptors through release of opiate peptides. By analogy to opiate dependence, it was hypothesized that FF1 receptor activation contributes to nicotine dependence and withdrawal syndrome. AC-262620 significantly reduced somatically expressed withdrawal signs precipitated by the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine in rats infused for seven days with nicotine bitartrate. Taken together, these findings suggest that NPFF or related neuropeptides contribute to opiate, as well as nicotine, dependence and withdrawal syndrome through the FF1 receptor.
Keywords: FF1 receptor; Mecamylamine; Morphine withdrawal; Naloxone; Neuropeptide FF; Nicotine withdrawal.
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