1 From the Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering (N.B.), Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine (N.B.), Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany; School of Engineering and Carney Institute for Brain Science (L.R.H.). Brown University, Providence, RI; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; and VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (L.R.H.), Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, RI. niels.birbaumer@uni-tuebingen.de.
2 From the Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering (N.B.), Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine (N.B.), Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany; School of Engineering and Carney Institute for Brain Science (L.R.H.). Brown University, Providence, RI; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; and VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (L.R.H.), Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, RI.