Objective: To understand characteristics of demographic, seasonal and spatial distribution of H5N1 cases in major countries of Asia (Indonesia, Cambodia, Vietnam, China) and Africa (Egypt). Methods: Through searching public data resource and published papers, we collected cases information in five countries from May 1st, 1997 to November 6th, 2017, including general characteristics, diagnosis, onset and exposure history, etc. Different characteristics of survived and death cases in different countries were described and χ(2) test was used to compare the differences among death cases and odds ratio (OR) and 95%CI value was used to compare death risk in different countries. Results: A total of 856 cases were reported in five countries with Egypt had the most cases (44.3%). The highest number of cases were reported in 2015 (18.3%). 53% cases were reported from January to March, and 96.1% of cases had the history of poultry exposure. 64.2% (43 cases) cases in China had live poultry market exposure, but the sick/dead poultry exposure was the major exposure for cases in other four countries. 452 death cases were reported in five countries, and the fatality rate was 52.8%. With Egypt as the reference group, the highest death risk was seen in Indonesia (OR (95%CI): 11.52 (7.46-17.77)), followed by Cambodia (OR (95%CI): 4.27(2.37-7.69)) and China (OR (95%CI): 2.87 (1.73-4.74)). The age distribution of death cases among 5 countries was statistically significant, and the highest fatality rate was in 15-54 years group in Egypt (83.6%, 102 cases), while in Cambodia the highest fatality rate was in 0-14 years group (76.9%, 30 cases). The highest number of deaths were reported in 2006, and 48.3% were reported from January to March. There was difference in exposure routes among 5 countries (χ(2)=43.85, P=0.001), 63.2% (24 cases) of the death cases in China had live poultry market exposure. 92.9% (79 cases), 83.3% (40 cases) and 100.0% (38 cases) death cases in Indonesia, Vietnam and Camodia had sick/dead poultry exposure, respectively;and 81.6% (31 cases) of the death cases in Egypt had backyard poultry exposure. Conclusion: The geographical distribution, seasonal age, gender, exposure matter and outcome of H5N1 cases in five countries were different.
目的： 分析埃及、印度尼西亚、柬埔寨、中国和越南人感染H5N1禽流感病例的流行特征。 方法： 通过查找公共数据源和已发表文献，收集1997年5月1日至2017年11月6日间，5个国家报告的全部人感染H5N1禽流感病例的信息进行分析，包括一般特征、诊断、发病及暴露史等信息。描述5个国家感染病例及死亡病例的特征分布，采用χ(2)检验比较各国家间死亡病例特征的差异；同时采用OR（95%CI）值比较不同国家的病例死亡的危险性。 结果： 5个国家共报告人感染H5N1禽流感病例856例，其中埃及最多（44.3%）；5个国家总报告病例数最多的年份为2015年（18.3%），月份为1—3月份（53.0%）；96.1%的病例发病前有明确的禽类暴露史，64.2%（43例）的中国病例发病前去过活禽市场，而其他4个国家病例以病/死禽暴露为主。5个国家共报告死亡病例452例，总病死率为52.8%。与埃及相比，印度尼西亚病例死亡的OR（95%CI）值为11.52（7.46~17.77），柬埔寨为4.27（2.37~7.69），中国为2.87（1.73~4.74）。5个国家间死亡病例的年龄分布差异有统计学意义，其中，埃及病死率最高发生在15~54岁年龄组（83.6%，102例），而柬埔寨则是0~14岁年龄组最高（76.9%，30例）。5个国家死亡病例报告最多的年份为2016年，月份为1—3月（48.3%）。5个国家死亡病例的暴露方式存在差异（χ(2)=43.85，P=0.001），中国以活禽市场暴露为主（63.2%，24例），印度尼西亚以病死禽暴露为主（92.9%，79例），埃及以家禽暴露为主（81.6%，31例），越南以病死禽暴露为主（83.3%，40例），柬埔寨以病死禽暴露为主（100.0%，38例）。 结论： 亚非5个国家的人感染H5N1禽流感疫情在地域分布、高发季节、年龄、性别和禽类暴露方式以及发病结局等方面均有所不同。.
Keywords: Africa; Asia; Influenza A virus, H5N1 subtype; Influenza in birds.