Purpose: The application of radiation therapy (RT) is not only used to treat cancer, in Germany, it is also an accepted and empirically established treatment of patients with benign diseases at low doses. The immune modulatory response generated by low-dose RT has a supporting anti-inflammatory effect within the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ionizing radiation (IR) on the expression and secretion of inflammatory mediators by endothelial cells (ECs) exposed to low and moderate doses.
Methods: Non-activated and activated EC were irradiated with doses between 0.01 Gy and 2 Gy with X-rays. Using a multiplex-assay, protein values of interleukin-8 (IL-8), granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) were measured in the supernatant at different time-points. To investigate possible differences between mRNA expression and protein secretion after IR, the mRNA expression of IL-8, G-CSF and PDGF-BB was determined by real-time quantitative PCR.
Results: Radiation treatment caused non-linear dose dependent effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion of IL-8; G-CSF and PDGF-BB. The mRNA-expression levels of those cytokines were non-linear dose-dependent and differed from protein level in the culture supernatant.
Conclusions: This study provides deeper insights into the radiobiological effects of radiation doses below 0.3 Gy, in particular 0.05 Gy, and their significant immunomodulatory properties on EC, which is very important in order to assess the effect of LD-IR on EC.
Keywords: DOREMI; HUVEC; cytokines; endothelial cells; low dose effects.