X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), the most common form of inheritable rickets, is caused by inactivation of phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome (PHEX) and leads to fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23-dependent renal inorganic phosphate (Pi) wasting. In the present study, we investigated whether maintaining Pi homeostasis with a potent vitamin D3 analog, eldecalcitol [1α,25-dihydroxy-2β-(3-hydroxypropyloxy) vitamin D3; ED71], could improve hypophosphatemic rickets in a murine model of XLH, the Hyp mouse. Vehicle, ED71, or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D was subcutaneously injected five times weekly in wild-type (WT) and Hyp mice for 4 weeks, from 4 to 8 weeks of age. Injection of ED71 into WT mice suppressed the synthesis of renal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and promoted phosphaturic activity. In contrast, administration of ED71 to Hyp mice completely restored renal Pi transport and NaPi-2a protein levels, although the plasma-intact FGF23 levels were further increased. In addition, ED71 markedly increased the levels of the scaffold proteins, renal sodium-hydrogen exchanger regulatory factor 1, and ezrin in the Hyp mouse kidney. Treatment with ED71 increased the body weight and improved hypophosphatemia, the bone volume/total volume, bone mineral content, and growth plate structure in Hyp mice. Thus, ED71 causes FGF23 resistance for phosphate reabsorption and improves rachitic bone phenotypes in Hyp mice. In conclusion, ED71 has opposite effects on phosphate homeostasis in WT and Hyp mice. Analysis of Hyp mice treated with ED71 could result in an additional model for elucidating PHEX abnormalities.