We here report the case of a female infant with perinatal asphyxia requiring resuscitation. She was referred with sclerema neonatorum which had been observed by parents on her tenth day of life. The lesions appeared as hard erythematous nodular plaques, suggesting neonatal cytosteatonecrosis in the gluteal region. Patient's evolution was marked by progressive hypercalcemia reaching a peak of 128 mg/L (80-110 mg/L) for which re-hospitalization was required 1 month after birth. Renal ultrasound showed medullary nephrocalcinosis. Treatment was based on hyperhydration associated with diuretics, corticosteroids and abstention from vitamin D administration as well as on clinical and laboratory monitoring of serum calcium levels. A month later, cutaneous lesions were regressing and calcium levels were normalizing. The patients is still undergoing ultrasound monitoring.
Keywords: Cytosteatonecrosis; hypercalcaemia; infant.