Objective: Smoking is the most important risk factor for COPD. Understanding the smoking rate, current smoking rate, average age to start smoking and average daily consumption of cigarettes among people aged ≥40 years in China can provide scientific evidence for the effective control and prevention of COPD. Methods: Data were from COPD surveillance in China (2014 to 2015) which covered 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. A total of 75 107 adults aged ≥40 years selected through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling from 125 surveillance sites (county/district) were surveyed by electronic questionnaire during face to face interviews. The smoking rate and other smoking index were estimated by using weighting complex sampling design. Results: The smoking rate and current smoking rate were 40.0% (95%CI: 38.5%-42.0%) and 31.0% (95%CI: 29.7%-32.0%), respectively, among the Chinese aged ≥40 years in 2014. The smoking rate and current smoking rate in males (74.1% and 57.6%) were much higher than those in females (5.4% and 4.0%). And the two rates were significantly higher in rural area (41.2% and 32.4%) than in urban area (38.8% and 29.5%). The mean age of smokers to start smoking was 20.1 (95%CI: 19.7-20.5) years. The younger the smokers were, the earlier their average age to start smoking was (The ages to start smoking for smokers aged 40-, 50-, 60-, ≥70 years were 18.3, 19.2, 20.9 and 23.1 years, respectively). Average daily cigarette consumption of current daily smokers was 18.9 (95%CI: 18.1-19.7) cigarettes, and the daily cigarette consumption was higher in males (19.3 cigarettes) than in females (12.5 cigarettes). Conclusion: The smoking rate in males aged ≥40 years is high in China. Compared with urban area, the smoking rate in rural area is higher, posing a big challenge for COPD control and prevention.
目的： 吸烟是COPD最重要的危险因素。了解我国≥40岁居民吸烟率、现在吸烟率、平均开始吸烟年龄及日均吸烟量等指标，为有效防控COPD提供科学依据。 方法： 数据源于2014－2015年中国居民COPD监测，该监测覆盖中国31个省（自治区、直辖市）。采用多阶段分层整群抽样，共调查125个监测点（县、区）的≥40岁居民75 107名，采用面对面询问调查方式，应用电子化问卷收集相关数据。对样本进行复杂抽样加权后，估计不同特征人群吸烟状况。 结果： 2014年中国≥40岁人群吸烟率为40.0%（95%CI：38.5%~42.0%），现在吸烟率为31.0%（95%CI：29.7%~32.0%）。男性吸烟率、现在吸烟率（74.1%、57.6%）远高于女性（5.4%、4.0%），乡村吸烟率、现在吸烟率（41.2%、32.4%）显著高于城镇（38.8%、29.5%）。吸烟者平均开始吸烟年龄为20.1（95%CI：19.7~20.5）岁。吸烟者年龄越小，平均开始吸烟年龄越早（40~、50~、60~、≥70岁年龄组吸烟人群平均开始吸烟年龄分别为18.3、19.2、20.9和23.1岁）。每日吸烟者日均吸烟量为18.9支，男性日均吸烟量（19.3支）大于女性（12.5支）。 结论： 中国≥40岁男性吸烟率高，乡村地区吸烟率较城镇高，给COPD防控工作带来极大挑战。.
Keywords: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Cross-sectional study; Smoking; Surveillance.