Filamentous fungi are among the microorganisms that most efficiently are able to degrade plant biomass by secreting cell wall-degrading enzymes and they are therefore used extensively in the industry as workhorses for the production of enzymes, including cellulases for the use in second-generation biorefinery concepts. Fungi are therefore of interest both as resources for the search of novel cellulolytic enzymes and for production of enzymes and enzyme cocktails, which also can be carried out on-site using cheap lignocellulosic substrates for growth and enzyme production. Fungi can be isolated from different environmental niches, such as soil, compost, decaying wood, decaying plant material, building materials, and different foodstuffs. Selective isolation can be carried out using simple cellulosic or complex plant material in the media. In this chapter, methods used for the isolation and screening of cellulolytic fungi isolated from different ecological niches are presented. The screening assay presented in the chapter is an easy semiquantitative high-throughput agar plate screening method using azurine-cross-linked (AZCL) cellulose substrates.
Keywords: AZCL-cellulose; Cellulolytic fungi; Compost; Decaying plant material; Qualitative methods.