Mosquito-borne diseases (including malaria) belong among the leading causes of death in humans. Vector control is a crucial part of the global strategy for management of mosquito-associated diseases, when insecticide use is the most important component in this effort. However, drug and insecticide resistance threaten the successes made with existing methods. Reduction or elimination of malaria is not possible without effective mosquito control. This article reviews current strategies of intervention in vector control to decrease transmission of disease and covers current relevant knowledge in molecular biology, biochemistry, and medicinal chemistry.