Symptom Amelioration in Crohn's Perianal Fistulas Using Video-Assisted Anal Fistula Treatment (VAAFT)

Abstract

Background and aims: A third of patients with Crohn's disease develop perianal fistulas. These are associated with a significant burden of symptoms and negative impact on quality of life. This study reports the use of video-assisted anal fistula treatment [VAAFT] as a means of symptom improvement; this is a minimally invasive technique to access fistula track, and diagnose/facilitate drainage of deep/complex secondary extensions with cauterization of excess inflammatory tissue.

Methods: Consecutive patients with complex Crohn's fistula undergoing VAAFT for symptomatic Crohn's anal fistula were included. They were identified from a prospectively maintained database, which was interrogated from June 2015 to November 2017. Patients underwent diagnostic fistuloscopy and fulguration of tracts/secondary extensions. Setons were sited/replaced after the procedure to maintain postoperative drainage. The primary endpoint was completion of the 'Measure your medical outcome profile' [MYMOP2] quality of life [QoL] questionnaire at 6 weeks postoperatively. Secondary outcome measures were a decisional regret scale [DRS], postoperative complications and the 30-day re-operation rate.

Results: Twenty-five patients underwent the procedure during the study period. In total, 21/25 patients [84%] provided MYMOP2 QoL data demonstrating a statistically significant improvement in both pain and discharge scores. Eighty-one per cent of patients who completed the questionnaire agreed/strongly agreed that the procedure was the right decision and no patient regretted undergoing the procedure. There was one re-operation but otherwise no complications.

Conclusions: This study demonstrates the feasibility, safety and importantly an improvement in patient-reported outcomes in a series of patients undergoing VAAFT for complex Crohn's anal fistula. VAAFT reduces the main symptoms [pain and discharge] in patients with complex refractory anal fistulas.

Keywords: VAAFT; fistula; patient-reported outcomes.